An 84" floor-to-floor stair needs 11 risers at 7-5/8" and 10 treads: a 100" run on 10" treads, cut from 12 ft 2x12s with 5-3/16" of throat. Gentler: 12 risers at 7" on 11" treads, a 121" run (2R + T = 25.0").
finished to finished
fewest legal
nosing to nosing
3/4–1-1/4 under 11″
DCA 6 max 18
84" total rise
Hook the tape once at mark 0, where the bottom riser line meets the top edge of the 2x12, and pencil every mark from that same hook. Each step is 12-9/16"+ along the edge; marks are rounded once each, so nothing drifts.
| Done | # | Mark | Tape | Decimal | mm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | Bottom riser line | 0" | 0.000" | 0 mm | |
| 1 | Tread 1 nose | 12-9/16"+ | 12.582" | 320 mm | |
| 2 | Tread 2 nose | 25-3/16"− | 25.165" | 639 mm | |
| 3 | Tread 3 nose | 37-3/4" | 37.747" | 959 mm | |
| 4 | Tread 4 nose | 50-5/16"+ | 50.329" | 1278 mm | |
| 5 | Tread 5 nose | 62-15/16"− | 62.911" | 1598 mm | |
| 6 | Tread 6 nose | 75-1/2" | 75.494" | 1918 mm | |
| 7 | Tread 7 nose | 88-1/16" | 88.076" | 2237 mm | |
| 8 | Tread 8 nose | 100-11/16"− | 100.658" | 2557 mm | |
| 9 | Tread 9 nose | 113-1/4" | 113.241" | 2876 mm | |
| 10 | Top plumb cut | 125-13/16" | 125.823" | 3196 mm |
Then from mark 0 measure 6-9/16" down the bottom riser line and square across for the level heel cut.
Shortest run, steepest legal stair
Gentler climb, longer run
Floor to floor = ceiling + joists + subfloor. With 12-1/2" of floor framing and ceiling, the stairwell opening over Option A starts 0" from the bottom riser and runs 8' 4" for 6'-8" of headroom.
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| 0 | Bottom riser line | 0" | 0.000" | 0 mm | 0" |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tread 1 nose | 12-9/16"+ | 12.582" | 320 mm | 1' 9/16" |
| 2 | Tread 2 nose | 25-3/16"− | 25.165" | 639 mm | 2' 1-3/16" |
| 3 | Tread 3 nose | 37-3/4" | 37.747" | 959 mm | 3' 1-3/4" |
| 4 | Tread 4 nose | 50-5/16"+ | 50.329" | 1278 mm | 4' 2-5/16" |
| 5 | Tread 5 nose | 62-15/16"− | 62.911" | 1598 mm | 5' 2-15/16" |
| 6 | Tread 6 nose | 75-1/2" | 75.494" | 1918 mm | 6' 3-1/2" |
| 7 | Tread 7 nose | 88-1/16" | 88.076" | 2237 mm | 7' 4-1/16" |
| 8 | Tread 8 nose | 100-11/16"− | 100.658" | 2557 mm | 8' 4-11/16" |
| 9 | Tread 9 nose | 113-1/4" | 113.241" | 2876 mm | 9' 5-1/4" |
| 10 | Top plumb cut | 125-13/16" | 125.823" | 3196 mm | 10' 5-13/16" |
Step-off 12-9/16"+ (12.5823") · bottom cut 6-5/8" under 1" treads · last mark 10' 5-13/16" at the top plumb cut.
| 0 | Bottom riser line | 0" | 0.000" | 0 mm | 0" |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tread 1 nose | 13-1/16"− | 13.038" | 331 mm | 1' 1-1/16" |
| 2 | Tread 2 nose | 26-1/16" | 26.077" | 662 mm | 2' 2-1/16" |
| 3 | Tread 3 nose | 39-1/8" | 39.115" | 994 mm | 3' 3-1/8" |
| 4 | Tread 4 nose | 52-1/8"+ | 52.154" | 1325 mm | 4' 4-1/8" |
| 5 | Tread 5 nose | 65-3/16" | 65.192" | 1656 mm | 5' 5-3/16" |
| 6 | Tread 6 nose | 78-1/4"− | 78.230" | 1987 mm | 6' 6-1/4" |
| 7 | Tread 7 nose | 91-1/4"+ | 91.269" | 2318 mm | 7' 7-1/4" |
| 8 | Tread 8 nose | 104-5/16" | 104.307" | 2649 mm | 8' 8-5/16" |
| 9 | Tread 9 nose | 117-3/8"− | 117.346" | 2981 mm | 9' 9-3/8" |
| 10 | Tread 10 nose | 130-3/8" | 130.384" | 3312 mm | 10' 10-3/8" |
| 11 | Top plumb cut | 143-7/16" | 143.422" | 3643 mm | 11' 11-7/16" |
Step-off 13-1/16"− (13.0384") · bottom cut 6" under 1" treads · last mark 11' 11-7/16" at the top plumb cut.
05 / Field guide
This sheet works an 84" floor-to-floor rise two ways. Option A uses the fewest risers the IRC allows, 11 at 7-5/8" on 10" treads. Option B adds one riser and uses 11" treads for a gentler 7" step. Both come with hook-once tape marks for the stringer edge, below the calculator.
84" ÷ 7.75 = 10.84, rounded up to 11 risers, each 7-5/8" (7.6364", 194.0 mm). On 10 treads of 10" the stair lands 100" (8' 4") out from the upper floor edge and climbs at 37.4°; 2R + T scores 25.27".
Each step is 12-9/16"+ along the stringer edge. Notches cut 6-1/16" deep, leaving 5-3/16" of throat in a 2x12; the cut length is 10' 9-7/8", so buy 12 ft stock.
One more riser drops each step to 7" (7.0000"). With 11" treads the run grows to 121" (10' 1"), 21" more than Option A, and the angle eases to 32.5° with 2R + T at 25.00".
The diagonal is 13-1/16"−, the throat 5-3/8", and the stringer cut length 12' 2-5/8" (14 ft).
Take the tread thickness off the bottom riser: 7-5/8" becomes 6-5/8" under 1" 5/4 or composite treads, 6-1/8" under 1-1/2" 2x6 treads and 6-9/16" under 1-1/16" oak treads. Every finished step then measures 7-5/8".
At the top, the last tread notch sits 8-5/8" below the finished floor for 1" treads. Seated on a 2x header, the header top goes 16-3/8" below the finished floor with oak treads.
11 risers means a handrail is required (four or more risers), 34" to 38" above the nosings.
The 100" run is more than the 6'-0" a cut stringer may span under DCA 6: set 1 4x4 support post on 12" footings under the stringers, or build a landing.
The IRC wants 6'-8" measured plumb from the nosing line. With 12-1/2" of floor framing and ceiling, the opening above Option A must start 0" out from the bottom riser and run 100" (8' 4") to the top of the stair.
Floor to floor is the ceiling height plus the joists and subfloor: 84" is a 72" ceiling over 2x12 joists, or 74" over 2x10s.
Questions
11 risers at 7-5/8" with 10 treads, the fewest the IRC allows. For an easier climb, 12 risers at 7" with 11 treads.
About 10' 9-7/8" along the board for Option A, so 12 ft 2x12s; Option B needs 12' 2-5/8" (14 ft).
100" (8' 4") on 10" treads, or 121" (10' 1") on 11" treads with 12 risers. Leave a landing at least 36" deep beyond the last riser.
A 72" ceiling over 2x12 joists and a 3/4" subfloor, or 74" over 2x10s.
Not under AWC DCA 6, which asks for 2x12s. A 2x10 would keep only 3-3/16" of throat on Option A, under the 5" minimum.
Enter your exact rise in the calculator. 78" takes 11 risers and 90" takes 12; the riser count changes wherever the rise passes a multiple of 7-3/4".
Raised decks, basements and storeys